Friday, January 29, 2010

Apple's Mew Invention - iPad

Apple introduces new $499 iPad tablet computer

2010-01-28 07:10:00

Steve Jobs
Apple CEO Steve Jobs shows off the new iPad during an Apple event in San Fr...
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Apple CEO Steve Jobs unveiled the company's much-anticipated iPad tablet computer Wednesday, calling it a new third category of mobile device that is neither smart phone nor laptop, but something in between.

The iPad will start at $499, a price tag far below the $1,000 that some analysts were expecting. But Apple must still persuade recession-weary consumers who already have other devices to open their wallets yet again. Apple plans to begin selling the iPad in two months.

Jobs said the device would be useful for reading books, playing games or watching video, describing it as "so much more intimate than a laptop and so much more capable than a smart phone."

The half-inch-thick iPad is larger than the company's popular iPhone but similar in design. It weighs 1.5 pounds and has a touch screen that is 9.7 inches diagonally. It comes with 16, 32 or 64 gigabytes of flash memory storage, and has Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity built in.

Jobs said the device has a battery that lasts 10 hours and can sit for a month on standby without needing a charge.

Raven Zachary, a contributing analyst with a mobile research agency called The 451 Group, considered the iPad a laptop replacement, especially because Apple is also selling a dock with a built-in keyboard.

But Forrester Research analyst James McQuivey said he does not believe the iPad offered enough additional features for consumers to justify buying yet another gadget, or to call it a new category of device.

In an e-mail, he criticized its lack of social features, such as ways to share photos and home video and recommend books.

Sitting on stage in a cozy leather chair, Jobs demonstrated how the iPad is used for surfing the Web with Apple's Safari browser. The CEO typed an e-mail using an on-screen keyboard and flipped through photo albums by flicking his finger across the screen.

He also showed off a new electronic book store and a book-reading interface that emulates the look of a paper book. That puts the iPad in competition with Amazon.com Inc.'s Kindle and e-book store.

Tim Bajarin of Creative Strategies Inc. called the iPad a great multipurpose mobile device — and the first tablet with a chance of success with consumers.

But Bajarin said Jobs' presentation only touched the tip of what the iPad could do for newspapers, magazines and book publishers, three industries struggling in the transition to the digital age.

A new newspaper reader program from The New York Times and a game from Electronic Arts Inc. were demonstrated during the event. The iBookstore launched with titles from Penguin, Simon&Schuster, HarperCollins, Hachette Book Group and Macmillan, and will open up to other publishing houses.

Carolyn Reidy, chief executive of Simon&Schuster, called the iPad a "terrific device" that gives readers the ability to adjust the typeface and turn pages by touching a finger to the screen, as opposed to pushing a button, as the Kindle requires.

Applause rang out as Jobs stepped onto the stage to introduce the iPad to hundreds of analysts, bloggers and other guests at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts in San Francisco.

Accompanied at times by executives from Apple and other companies, Jobs played showman throughout the hour-and-a-half presentation, slowly revealing details about the iPad. When he announced the price — lower than what had been speculated — it was accompanied by the sound of glass shattering.

Like iPods and the iPhone, the iPad can sync with Apple's Macintosh and Microsoft's Windows computers. Jobs said the iPad will also be better for playing games and watching video than either a laptop or the small screen of a smart phone.

Unlike a laptop, the iPad has an accelerometer, so gamers can tilt the device to control what's happening on the screen. And the iPad is lighter and easier to hold for long periods of time while watching a movie or TV show.

Its large screen makes it much easier to touch type than on a smart phone, and it is extremely responsive to finger swipes and taps for easy scrolling through Facebook, photo albums and news articles.

The iPad comes with software that includes a calendar, maps, and video and music players. All seem to have been slightly redesigned to take advantage of the iPad's bigger screen.

Still, tablet computers have existed for a decade with little success. Jobs acknowledged Apple will have to work to convince consumers who already have smart phones and laptops that they need the iPad.

"In order to really create a new category of devices, those devices are going to have to be far better at doing some key tasks," Jobs said. "We think we've got the goods. We think we've done it."

Applications designed for the iPhone can run on the iPad. Apple is also releasing updated tools for software developers to help them build iPhone and iPad programs.

"We think it's going to be a whole 'nother gold rush for developers as they build applications for the iPad," said Scott Forstall, an iPhone software executive.

The basic iPad models will cost $499, $599 and $699, depending on the storage size, when it comes out worldwide in March.

Apple Inc. will also sell a version with data plans from AT&T Inc. in the U.S.: $14.99 per month for 250 megabytes of data, or $29.99 for unlimited usage. Neither will require a long-term service contract.

The iPad models that can connect to AT&T's wireless network will cost more — $629, $729 and $829, depending on the amount of memory — and will be out in April. International cellular data details have not yet been announced.

Shares of Apple rose $2.04, or 1 percent, to close Wednesday at $207.98. The Cupertino, Calif.-based company's shares have more than doubled over the past year, partly on anticipation of the tablet computer. Shares in Amazon rose $3.27, or 2.7 percent, to $122.75.

Jobs, 54, a pancreatic cancer survivor who got a liver transplant last year, looked thin as he introduced the highly anticipated gadget, though he seemed to have more energy than at Apple's last event in September.

Apple had kept its latest creation tightly under wraps until Wednesday's unveiling, though many analysts had correctly speculated that it would be a one-piece tablet computer with a big touch screen.

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AP National Writer Hillel Italie in New York contributed to this report.

Wednesday, January 20, 2010

Android, Linux & Real-time Development for Embedded Systems

At first sight, Android appears to be (yet) another operating system for smart phones, joining all of the others that are vying for supremacy " such as Symbian, Windows Mobile, WebOS and various flavors of Linux.

However, it would be better to think of Android as being a software platform for the construction of smart phones, as it is freely available and highly configurable. To be more precise, it is a software platform for building connected devices.

Android is an application framework on top of Linux. We will look at the details of the layers of the framework, shortly. It is supplied as open source code, but does not bind the user with the constraints of the GPL " there is no requirement for developers to make public any code developed using Android.

Another way to look at Android is to take a historical perspective. In the early days of the PC, the operating system was DOS. A programmer writing applications for the PC had some significant challenges, as the services provided by the operating system were quite limited.

For example, the developer of a spreadsheet application would need to provide drivers for every possible printer that users might wish to deploy. This was a significant development and support overhead.

In due course, the release and wide acceptance of Windows (version 3 onwards) addressed this problem very effectively. In many ways, Android does for Linux what Windows did for DOS: it provides an intermediary layer between the application program and the operating system.

Android History
As Android seems to be a hot topic of discussion at this time, it is hard to remember that it is quite new. It really started when Google acquired Android Inc. in 2005. They established the Open Handset Alliance and announced Android in 2007, with the first handset appearing the following year. The source code was released at that time.

Android has now reached version 2.1 and enjoys widespread support, as more devices " mainly handsets " have been announced. The latest, and certainly the most talked about, being Google's own Nexus One device.

Android Architecture
An Android system consists essentially of five software layers: 1) Linux; 2) Libraries; 3) Runtime; 4) Application Framework; 5) Applications

Linux . The bottom layer is the Linux OS itself " version 2.6.3x with 115 patches, to be precise. This provides process and memory management, security, networking and an array of relevant device drivers.

Libraries. A set of libraries reside on top of the OS. This includes Google's version of libc, called bionic, along with media and graphics libraries and a lightweight database " SQLite.

Runtime. Alongside the libraries, on top of the OS, is the Android runtime " the Dalvik VM. This is not strictly a Java virtual machine, though it serves that purpose. It was designed specifically for Android and is register based to conserve memory and maximize performance. A separate instance of the Dalvik VM is used to execute each Android application. The underlying OS is used for memory management and multi-threading.

Application Framework. This layer provides a number of services to applications: views, content providers and resource, notification and activity managers. These are all implemented as Java classes. Any application can "publish" its capabilities for use by other applications.

Applications. A number of applications are routinely distributed with Android, which may include email, SMS, calendar, contacts, and Web browser. All applications have the same status " the supplied ones are not "special".

Applications are generally written in Java and processed with the standard Java tools with a converter being used to translate to the Dalvik VM bytecodes.

Wednesday, January 6, 2010

Google's "Super Phone" Nexus One Unveiled


In an effort to shake up the mobile phone market, Google has unveiled the Nexus One, the latest smart phone running the company's Android operating system. Yet questions about Google's larger goals remain, notably in the advertising world.

"The Nexus One belongs in an emerging category of device we call super phones," said Mario Queiroz, vice president of product management for Google. It is the first phone in a series of devices for the search giant from various manufacturers and carriers, all of which will be sold in a newly announced Google store:www.google.com/phone.


The phone can be purchased today with service from T-Mobile at $179, or without service for $529. The company plans to add more countries as well as devices from more manufacturers and providers, in the next few weeks, including Verizon Wireless and Vodaphone.

Many analysts cite Google's purchase of mobile advertising firm AdMob as evidence that the company intends to further its position in the nascent mobile advertising market, however. They argue that Google-branded phones may allow the company to more closely control advertisements to users.

The phone highlights the Android 2.1 operating system (which carried the cute code-name "Éclair") that first shipped on the Verizon Droid, meaning this new phone incorporates all the same functionality as that device. Android features multitasking, letting applications run in the background, unlike the iPhone's one-app-at-a-time behavior.

Google explained that the Nexus One is designed to showcase the software the company has been working on for Android, as well as the many widgets that run on the Droid platform. For example, a live wallpaper function enables interactive, moving images as the background wallpaper for the screen.

In addition, the ability to group photos on the phone by category highlights the company's strengths in searching, organizing and displaying an individual's content.


Light and proximity sensors add power saving functionality (Google dims the display based on ambient lighting or proximity to the skull). And there's active noise cancellation through two separate noise sensors, which eliminates background noise when walking down the street.

Google cites innovation around the voice experience as well. The "search by voice" app lets you speak a query rather than typing it. Saying "navigate to Ikea" executes a Google search for the term and automatically returns a map with turn-by-turn navigation to the nearest store. The Nexus One builds this level of voice-connection to other apps: Speech-to-text integration in e-mails is a welcome feature.

A yet-unreleased Google Earth for Android app has promise as well.